PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN

The protective function. Provides mechanical strength of the skin, it
elasticity, high and low permeability elektrosoprotivlyaemostyu
for different substances. It is important to the ability of skin-neutralized
Vat microorganisms is achieved due to the density of the stratum corneum,
its acid reaction, physiological desquamation, as well as chemical coc-
tava sebum. The protective properties of the skin indicates its structural
resemblance to the thymus (thymus gland) - the body immune system. Genes
controlling its development are identical to the genes responsible for the formation of
tion of hair. It is established that the skin, like the thymus, is-
Xia place to ripen certain types of immune cells.
Thermoregulation of the body is manifested in the mutual combination of processes
formation and heat transfer governed by nervnoendokrinnym. In the wc-
Toyan relative calm adult allocates to the external environment
15% of heat through teploprovedeniya (convection), about b% by heat
loizlucheniya (radiation) and 19% due to evaporation of water. Degree-teplootda
chi depends on the subcutaneous tissue (due to the low thermal conductivity of fat)
and the volume of circulating blood in the vessels. Thus, when the temperature is lowered
air when the arterioles and capillaries are narrowed and thus decreases
etsya amount of blood flowing through it, the skin turns pale. At the same time
reduce heat to the environment, ensuring the preservation of heat in
body. In this process has a value and concentration of sebum. Pos-
toyanstvo human body temperature in heat and physical overload
supported by the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface. The average person, they
satisfies a day of about 0.8 liters of sweat, and with it 500 calories of heat. In severe pa-
bot in a hot sweat shops can be up to 15 liters. Some of
the water evaporates and easy. Thermoregulation by ref-
reflex due to stimulation of temperature receptors (skin, mucous-
tye of the mouth and nose) and teploreguliruyuschih centers of the brain.
Receptor function. Special nerve terminal formation of the skin - re-
receptor used for the perception of sensations: pain, itching, temperature, pressure
of. On average, one square centimeter of skin for up to 5000
sensory endings, 200 pain, 12 points of cold, heat, and two
25 points, reacting to pressure. Nerve receptors in the skin
unevenly distributed. They are especially numerous in the skin of the face, Lado-
her fingers and, external genitalia. Nerves of the autonomic system
we innerviruya cancer, blood and lymph vessels, regulate
physiological processes in the skin. Thus, the skin is
large receptor field, millions of sensitive nerve endings to-
torogo continuously carry forward and feedback to the central
nervous system. On the field has its office and each internal
tions Authority. While working on certain areas of the skin and the points can be obtained
therapeutic effect. This is the basis of individual application of physiotherapist
České procedures and treatment by acupuncture.
The exchange function (secretory, suction, breathing) are online
provides the main task of the skin: for the body to be a protective barrier
fat and water depot, a capacious reservoir of blood, to maintain consistency
homeostasis of its composition. Skin is involved in respiration, produces
vitamin D and vitamin A stores plays an important role in the exchange
processes of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins. According to the intensity of the water, mineral
General and carbon exchange of the skin is only slightly inferior to the liver and muscles,
Tsam.
The skin of the same - a kind of mirroring of emotions: fear and
joy, shame, and anxiety. Everyone is familiar with their symptoms - sudden pallor,
sweat, "goose bumps", spotty erythema (or embarrassed blush-
of), etc. You should always remember that skin is to some extent influ-
yaet on social and sexual relationships of people (look for-
the groin, etc.).
With age the skin down the process of regeneration of the epidermis, age
melts susceptibility to damaging factors (such as solar
finite-rays). In old age, reduced sweating, development
fatty substances sebaceous glands. Immune function of the skin and reduce-
Xia. Increased loss of vitamin D, which leads to frequent fractures of the braid-
children. Decreases with age, the water content in the dermis and cellular elements
Comrade. Decrease of skin and hardening of the hydrophilic (seal) blood vessels
lead to atrophy of the outer shell of man. The final loss of ELAS-
analyticity is manifested in a pronounced folding and wrinkling
elevation of the epidermis.